Application of Explosives in the Oil Industry
Erick Galante,
Assed Haddad,
Nathália Marques
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2013
Pages:
16-22
Received:
17 July 2013
Published:
20 August 2013
Abstract: The 20th century was largely dependent upon fossil fuel, in particular petroleum. The petroleum industry provides fuel and other compounds for modern society, ranging from natural gas, passing through diesel and culminating with polymers. These polymers are seeing in every aspect of modern life (books, computers, cars, foams, cloves, and so on). Due to this dependency, modern society would collapse without petroleum derivatives. The main source for raw petroleum rests in the deep sea, where the oil is imbedded in the rocks under the sea. The location of petroleum reservoirs and implementing the extraction facility requires large amounts of explosives. Due to the complexity of the subject, this paper presents the set of explosive applica-tions in the oil industry, discussing applications and which explosives are used in each and every one of these applications. The main contribution of this paper is to provide easiness on finding general information regarding explosives in the oil industry, as well as provide solid ground and background information for other studies.
Abstract: The 20th century was largely dependent upon fossil fuel, in particular petroleum. The petroleum industry provides fuel and other compounds for modern society, ranging from natural gas, passing through diesel and culminating with polymers. These polymers are seeing in every aspect of modern life (books, computers, cars, foams, cloves, and so on). Du...
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Investigations on the Methane Adsorption Behaviors of Ultrasonic Bath Assisted Bituminous Coal
Yanyan Feng,
Wen Yang,
Chengfa Jiang,
Wei Chu
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2013
Pages:
23-28
Published:
30 September 2013
Abstract: The purpose of this work was to prepare coals with various pore structures, and investigate both microporosity development and corresponding methane adsorption capacities. A series of coal samples have been prepared by ultrasonic bath, and characterized by N2 adsorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to obtain the pore structure and surface morphology of the samples. Methane adsorption measurement was conducted in the temperature range 25~55 °C and at pressures of up to 3.5 MPa. The Langmuir equation was applied to fit the experimental data, and the result showed the methane uptake correlated to the micropore volume and surface area, provided by the adsorption of N2 at 77 K. The surface area, pore volume, pore size distribution and surface morphology of the coal have changed significantly when treated for 10 min, resulting in the maximum of methane adsorption capacity. With the time further increasing, the surface area, pore volume and microporosity of the coal samples were reduced, along with the decrease of methane adsorption capacity. It can be concluded that the surface area, pore volume and microporosity had positive correlations with the amount of methane adsorption. The attenuation coefficient of the saturated adsorption amount over the coal samples substantially presented an inverse ‘U-shape’, indicating that the variation of the saturated adsorption amount was mainly controlled by the pore structure. Moreover, the temperature had a certain relationship with the attenuation coefficient of the saturated adsorption amount.
Abstract: The purpose of this work was to prepare coals with various pore structures, and investigate both microporosity development and corresponding methane adsorption capacities. A series of coal samples have been prepared by ultrasonic bath, and characterized by N2 adsorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to obtain the pore structure and surface...
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